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Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Amazon strives to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, Earth’s best employer, and Earth’s safest place to work. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalised recommendations, Prime, Fulfilment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Career Choice, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, Alexa, Just Walk Out technology, Amazon Studios, and The Climate Pledge are some of the things pioneered by Amazon.

Amazon’s mission is to make customers' lives better and easier every day by relentlessly inventing on their behalf. They work to provide a broad selection, value, and convenience across a range of customer experiences, including online shopping, cloud computing, streaming entertainment, consumer electronic devices, advertising, healthcare, AI services, and more.

Safeguarding Custom and Community — Why Mizoram’s Amendment Matters

The Mizoram Legislative Assembly’s unanimous passage of the Mizo Marriage and Inheritance of Property (Amendment) Bill, 2026 represents a decisive and thoughtful effort to safeguard the integrity of Mizo customary law in a rapidly changing social landscape. Far from being a regressive move, the amendment reflects a conscious attempt by the state to preserve its cultural foundations, protect community identity, and clarify the application of customary practices for future generations.

Remembering Vungzagin Valte with a Lesson Learnt

The passing of Vungzagin Valte on 21 February 2026 marks not only the end of a political life but the closing of a turbulent chapter in Manipur’s recent history. His journey - from a representative of the hill people to a victim of brutal violence during one of the state’s darkest periods - has become emblematic of both the fragility and the resilience of democracy in conflict-ridden societies.

Valte was more than a legislator. As Minister for Tribal Affairs & Hills, he carried the aspirations of marginalized communities whose concerns have long revolved around identity, land, autonomy, and equitable development. In a state marked by ethnic complexity and historical grievances, his portfolio was not merely administrative - it was deeply political and profoundly sensitive.

February 20 - Zomi Nam Ni vis-à-vis Chin National Day: An Academic Note

Introduction

Zomi Nam Ni and Chin National Day are two commemorative observances rooted in the shared historical and ethnocultural heritage of the Zo/Chin peoples inhabiting present-day Northeast India, Chin State of Myanmar, and adjoining regions. Although they emerge from the same ethnolinguistic family, their historical trajectories, political meanings, and commemorative emphases differ. This note situates the two observances within broader Zo/Chin historiography, identity formation, and nationalist discourse.

Which Indian Constitutional Provision is Best for the Kuki-Zo Community?

India’s Constitution was designed not only to govern a nation, but to accommodate its vast diversity—ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and territorial. Nowhere is this diversity more complex than in the Northeast, where communities have historically preserved distinct identities, customary governance systems, and ancestral land relationships. Within this mosaic, the Kuki-Zo community occupies a unique socio-political and geographical space, spread across hill regions and shaped by long historif migration, conflict, and resilience.

Village Groupism — The Need of the Hour for the Kuki-Zo Community

In times of uncertainty and conflict, communities often rediscover the power of collective strength. For the Kuki-Zo community, the present reality marked by displacement, fragile security, and disrupted livelihoods has made village-level solidarity not merely desirable but necessary. “Village groupism,” when understood as organised community cohesion rather than exclusionary identity politics, can serve as a practical framework for survival, resilience, and rebuilding.

Reassessing the Suspension of Operations (SoO) with Kuki Armed Groups (Presentation)

The Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement between the Government of India, the Government of Manipur, and Kuki armed organisations has functioned as a conflict-management framework rather than a conflict-resolution mechanism. While it reduced insurgent violence and created a dialogue platform, it has not produced a final political settlement after nearly two decades.

The post-2023 ethnic conflict has further strained the legitimacy and functionality of the SoO. A strategic reset is required to move from ceasefire maintenance → structured political settlement.

Losses and Gains: How the Meitei, Naga, and Kuki-Zo Communities Have Been Reshaped Since the Violence of 3 May 2023

The violence that erupted in Manipur on 3 May 2023 between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities has left deep scars across the state’s social, political, and psychological landscape. Beyond the immediate humanitarian crisis, the conflict has reshaped power equations, community relations, and political trajectories. While the losses are profound and visible, certain political and strategic shifts — perceived as “gains” — have also emerged for different communities. These gains, however, often come with long-term risks.

This moment in Manipur’s history is therefore not only about who suffered most, but also about how each community has been transformed.

The Kuki-Zo standpoints, present status, and possible political pathways from an analytical perspective

Since the ethnic violence of May 2023, Kuki-Zo civil bodies, MLAs, and SoO groups have converged on the political demand for “Separate Administration under the Constitution of India.” The demand was framed primarily around security failure, loss of trust in the Manipur state government, and the need for neutral governance. De facto territorial separation - buffer zones and segregated habitation has reinforced the political imagination of administrative bifurcation. Engagement preference has shifted from the state government to direct negotiation with the Union Government. Multiple constitutional models are discussed: Union Territory, Autonomous State, or expanded Sixth Schedule autonomy. Presently, there is partial administrative disengagement from state institutions in Kuki-Zo hill areas. The movement draws strength from ethnic consolidation, legislator backing, and alignment with SoO armed groups. Key constraints include Naga territorial overlaps, constitutional complexity, and Delhi’s reluctance to set precedents. Likely pathways include phased negotiations, interim autonomous arrangements, and tripartite peace accords. Overall trajectory suggests a long-term, negotiation-driven autonomy process rather than immediate territorial reorganisation.

AI in the Contemporary World: A Turning Point for Humanity

Artificial Intelligence has moved beyond the realm of science fiction and technological speculation. It now sits at the center of contemporary life, influencing how societies function, how governments govern, how economies grow, and how individuals live and work. The world today is not merely adopting AI; it is being reshaped by it.

In everyday life, AI operates quietly but powerfully. From search engines and digital payments to navigation systems and online shopping recommendations, the technology has become woven into the routines of modern living. Most users engage with AI without even realizing it, relying on its ability to predict, suggest, and automate. This invisible integration signals a profound shift: technology is no longer just a tool—it is a companion to human decision-making.

When a Drunken Brawl Becomes a Communal Flashpoint: Lessons from the Litan Incident

The recent incident in Litan, where an individual-level drunken altercation spiralled into a communal confrontation, is yet another stark reminder of how fragile the law-and-order situation remains in Manipur. What should have remained a localised dispute between individuals quickly acquired a dangerous communal colour, exposing the deep mistrust, accumulated trauma, and administrative fragility that continue to define the state’s current reality.

At its core, the episode reflects a disturbing truth: in Manipur today, even the smallest spark can ignite a wider blaze. A drunken act, a personal insult, or a momentary provocation is no longer just an isolated occurrence. It is interpreted through the lens of identity, insecurity, and historical grievance. This is not merely a failure of individuals—it is a failure of the environment in which they are forced to live.

The Danger of Communalizing Local Issues in a Tribal Mosaic Like Manipur

Manipur, often described as a miniature mosaic of tribes and communities, stands as one of India’s most culturally intricate states. Its hills and valleys are home to diverse ethnic groups, each with distinct histories, customary laws, dialects, and socio-political aspirations. This diversity, when nurtured, forms the bedrock of resilience and cultural richness. But when local issues are communalized—when individual or localized disputes are framed as conflicts between entire tribes—the consequences can be devastating.

Stipends, Ceasefires, and the Contradiction of Separate Administration Demands

In conflict-affected regions, peace is rarely a straight road. It is negotiated, fragile, and often deeply paradoxical. One such paradox confronting the public today is this: How can armed groups receive government stipends under ceasefire arrangements while simultaneously demanding separate administration or political autonomy? To many citizens, this appears contradictory - even unjust. Yet the reality is more layered.

Government stipends to armed groups do not emerge from generosity, nor are they rewards for past militancy. They are instruments of conflict management, embedded within ceasefire or Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreements. Under such arrangements, armed groups agree to halt hostilities, confine themselves to designated camps, and suspend recruitment and offensive operations. In return, the state provides subsistence support - stipends, rations, and camp maintenance - to prevent cadres from returning to insurgency while political dialogue continues.

Resignation or Representation? The Kuki-Zo MLAs’ Dilemma in Post-President's Rule

The restoration of a popular government in Manipur on 4 February 2026, after months of President’s Rule, has reopened a difficult and deeply consequential question: should Kuki-Zo Members of the Legislative Assembly resign their seats in response to sustained public pressure from sections of their own community?

To Lose Patience Is to Lose the Battle

“To lose patience is to lose the battle”, Mahatma Gandhi once observed - an insight that feels deceptively simple yet carries profound political, moral, and personal weight. In an age defined by instant gratification, outrage cycles, and performative anger, Gandhi’s words arrive not as a relic of the past but as a sharp rebuke to the present.

Patience, in Gandhi’s philosophy, was never passive endurance. It was disciplined strength. It was the ability to absorb provocation without surrendering one’s moral ground. In the long struggle against colonial rule, Gandhi understood that impatience - especially when fueled by rage - would fracture unity, justify repression, and derail the ethical legitimacy of resistance. The British Empire could be challenged not merely by force, but by moral stamina that outlasted its arrogance.

Union Budget 2026 and the Scheduled Tribes

The Union Budget 2026–27 places Scheduled Tribes (STs) at the centre of India’s inclusive growth agenda by strengthening investments in education, livelihoods, entrepreneurship and tribal area development. With a total allocation of about ₹15,422 crore for the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the Budget reinforces long-term structural support through flagship interventions such as Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), expanded pre- and post-matric scholarships, the Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Vikas Mission (PMJVM) for livelihoods, and targeted entrepreneurship support, including the Venture Capital Fund for STs. Major village-level initiatives like the Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan and constitutional grants under Article 275(1) further aim to bridge infrastructure and service gaps in Scheduled Areas. Overall, Budget 2026 signals a shift from welfare-only approaches towards empowerment, capability building and sustainable economic participation of tribal communities in the national development process.

ATSUM — The Divided Tribal Student Forum and Its Impact on Safeguarding Tribal Rights and Interests in Manipur

 Abstract

The All Tribal Students’ Union Manipur (ATSUM) has emerged as a central socio-political actor in the multi-ethnic landscape of Manipur, advocating for tribal rights, constitutional safeguards, and protection of indigenous interests. This paper examines ATSUM’s historical evolution, major mobilisations, strategies, and consequences on tribal protection, autonomy movements, and inter-community relations in the state. Through a review of secondary sources, news reports, and existing academic insights, this study highlights ATSUM’s role both in constructive advocacy for tribal constitutional rights and in intensifying ethnic tensions during key political controversies, particularly surrounding the Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status.

Prospect of Popular Government in Manipur

Manipur today stands at a defining crossroads. The promise of popular government - a system rooted in the will of the people, inclusive representation, and accountable governance - faces its gravest test in decades. The scars left by prolonged ethnic conflict, political instability, and administrative paralysis have shaken public faith in democratic institutions. Yet, amid these challenges, the aspiration for a truly representative and people-centric government remains resilient.

Root Causes of Kuki–Meitei–Naga Differences - A Roadmap for Permanent Peace & Harmony

The root causes of Manipur’s tri-community differences among Meiteis, Nagas, and Kukis are not ancient or inevitable, but largely shaped by historical disruptions, colonial divisions, post-independence politics, and socio-economic inequalities. A deeper inquiry shows how rigid identity classifications, unequal development between hills and valley, competition over land and political power, and long-standing perceptions of marginalisation have gradually transformed cultural diversity into political fault lines. Genuine curiosity helps move beyond blame, fostering understanding, empathy, and dialogue, which are essential for building lasting peace, justice, and harmony in Manipur.

 “When brothers fight, outsiders gain.” - This reality tragically applies to Manipur.

Success Stories of Monetising a Blogspot Blog and the Steps

For many aspiring writers, blogging begins as a passion - a space to express ideas, document experiences, or raise social awareness. Over time, however, several bloggers have successfully transformed their Blogspot platforms into sustainable sources of income. These success stories demonstrate that monetisation is not limited to large websites or professional portals; with consistency, quality content, and patience, a Blogspot blog can also generate meaningful revenue.

Structural Roots of Kuki–Zo and Meitei Violence (1972–2026): An Academic Analysis with District-Level Illustrations from Manipur

Abstract: This paper traces the structural causes of sustained inter-ethnic violence between Meitei (valley) and Kuki-Zo (hill) communities in Manipur from statehood (1972) through 2026. It argues that colonial-era administrative divisions, constitutional asymmetries (land and Scheduled Tribe protections), competing territorial imaginaries, long-term militarisation, and governance deficits created a layered grievance architecture that crystallised into episodic and large-scale violence. The analysis is localised through district-level examples (Imphal East/West, Bishnupur, Churachandpur, Senapati, Tamenglong, Chandel and Kangpokpi) and is accompanied by a timeline (1972–2026) of major political, legal and violent episodes. Policy implications for trust-building, legal clarity, and devolved governance are offered.

Monetisation Steps of Facebook Posts (Clear & Practical Guide)

Earn while enjoying socialising on Facebook by simply being yourself and sharing what matters to you. Every post becomes a conversation, every interaction builds a community, and over time, those connections turn into opportunities. When your stories, ideas, and creativity start generating income, Facebook feels less like a platform and more like a place where connection and earning grow together naturally.

The joy of monetising Facebook posts lies in turning your voice into value. What begins as sharing ideas, stories, or community updates slowly transforms into recognition, reach, and reward. Each like, comment, and share becomes more than engagement - it becomes encouragement that your content matters. When earnings follow impact, monetisation feels less like money-making and more like purpose-finding sustainability.

Step-by-step guide to publish a new article on Blogspot

Blogging is the quiet joy of turning thoughts into words and sharing them with the world. It gives our ideas a home, our voices a space, and our stories a life beyond ourselves. Through blogging, we connect, reflect, and grow - one post at a time. 

In recent times, several friends who aspire to preserve and showcase their writings have approached me seeking guidance on how to create their own blogs. Earlier, on October 29, 2007, I had shared a detailed post outlining the steps for creating a blog. Building on that, the following is a clear, step-by-step guide to publishing a new article on Blogspot (Blogger), designed especially for beginners and first-time users.

Lamka Urgently Needs a Placement-Oriented Training Institute

Lamka (Churachandpur), the cultural and educational heart of southern Manipur, stands at a critical crossroads. Despite having a vibrant youth population, strong social institutions, and a long tradition of adaptability and service, the town continues to suffer from one glaring gap: the absence of a professional, placement-oriented training institute capable of connecting local youth to well-established institutions and reputed hotels in India’s metro cities.