About the Author:
Miss Niangsianching Tungnung daughter of Upa T. Tunzagin of P. Kamdou Veng. She is currently studying Class XII Arts in Churachandpur Govt. College, Churachandpur, Manipur.
EVALUATION of the Essay
This essay is extremely well-informed about the institutional history of the Zou community. Moreover, its contents are factually accurate. For its level of training, it displays ample evidence of original treatment and critical thinking on the subject matter. There is also at least one reference to the relevant literature (i.e. Ginzatuang’s Zomi Innkuan Laibu). Use of language is effective. The tone is empirical and objective at best, but it also partly indulges in policy recommendations. This piece deserves to be read by a larger audience.
Checked by Dr. David Vumlallian Zou
Asst. Professor of history,
Faculty of Social Sciences, Delhi University
Best essay of ZouWorkshop sponsored ZSP MIL(Zou) spot essay writing competition on Zou Nampi
Ka pien masanga ami singta aw,
Apienglah mis um lou e,
lun tawi khang tembang kileh ing.
Tungchieng vangkhuo saat ing e’
Tam atung a lavui i etleh, ei zoute pen mimasa leh milui mama nam ihi uh chi akilang hi. Tuajieh in imisiam (Scholar)te sui dan in Zou kichite pen aum na uh anasawt mama ta chihi. Pu J.Ginzathang laibu ( Zomi innkuan Laibu) dungjui in Zou kichite pen 1027 BC apat in ana um ta chi hi.tuale tulai a, ei Zomi, Kuki, Chiin, MIzo ki chi te hing suongtu Pu ‘Zou ‘ ana ki chi hi . hi nanle tulai , thangkhal haidawi ,khuangnung leh tungkua haama ham pawl ten Zou min ina posuoh ua ,1956 in India Govt. In Zou (ST) chin recognised ang na bawl hi. I unau dang dang ten Zoute chin simleivai (Politics) Khotabg(social) Sahkhuo(religion) Sumlepai(economy) ah ina ngiem mama ua , i dinmun uh abaan baan in en vai.
Simleivai (Zou Past Politics)
Nidanglaiin Zou pi le pute hunlai in “hausa upa” a ki vaihawm ana hi ua, Hausa pen athuneipen ahi .Hausa vaihawmna nuai ah hausa in avaihawmpi ding in anuai a akhawnbawl ding upa ateel khie a, amauh vaihawm dan bang in khosung ana kipuoh uhi. Hausa in avaihawm na sung ah taangseu/salieng akai/ala jel a, ama vaihawm na ma in louma ,innmun dingte ana hawm uhi. Aki thu man mama ua, ki-it tuotah in ana kivaihawm uhi. Thusie/lassie aum chieng in hausa inn ah thu akhenjel uhi. Meithai tag ate tangseu ana awl sah jel uhi.Tua hun lai in politics party zong ana um sih a, ama uh le amauh kivaihawm tuo in ana ki toudel jel uhi.
Simleivai (Zou Present Politics)
Ei Zoute pen politics ah mite saang in in na khang lou hah mama uhi. Mite simmaw in ina um ua, ina ngiem mama uhi. Miten ‘Zonapdoh’ chin angna kou ua angna musit kha mama uhi. Hinanleh eima khom khom a kivaihawm in ki-iit ,ki-ngai leh ki thutuo tah a eima ma in invading uhi. Kum 1954 in pu Khupkhosoi @ A khup Tungnung leh Pu semkhopau te president leh secretary hi na in JNU( Jou National Union) in ana kikhaikhawm uhi. Tuami toh ki jui in JSA( Jou Sporting Association) Leh JCO ( JOU Cultural Association) jong ana kip hut hi. Tua hun lai in JCO min in Imphal ah PUPA laam ( Cultural) ana (Lah ) show tau hi, Tua ban ah ki thuja tuona ding chi in ‘Jougam Thusuo’ Pu Semkhopau Editor hiina in ana sunpan tauhi. Hun hing pei jel in 1956 in JNU pen UMZO chiin ana hengua Pu T.Gougin leh Pu(L) Saipu president leh secretary hiina in ana heng uhi. 1961 in Singtom UMZO khawmpi ah Manipur pen paikhia in UZO (United Zomi Organisation) chiin ana heng uhi.Tam pen Manipur sung a zomi te mai huam lou a, khovel pumpi a zomi te huop ding deina jaal ahijo hi. Singtom khompi ah ,Tuaitengphai a highschool phu ding thu thupuasah in ana nei uhi.1970 in UZO khawmpi Singngat ah Pu(L) Thangkhanlal President ding leh Pu Semkhopau Secretary ding in telching in ana um uhi.Tua ban ah 1972 jan 21st in Manipur in Statehood amu toh ki ton in MLA election ana um a, Singngat A.C ah Pu(L) Thangkhanlal MLA masapen ding in teelching in ana um hi. Hun hing pei jel in UZO sung a ham le pau, Election Politics , Be-le phung a ki daidan n ate jiah ahi ngei ding 1979 in unau Thangkhal ham a ham pawl te UZO nuasie in politics, social ,religion pawlpi TPO TYP TSP leh TBC chin atuam in aki vaihawm ta uhi.
Tua leh kumteng in UZO khawmpi aumjing a Ju-le-sa ne a, laam tang kai jing mei hi.Tualeh kumteng in UZO fung innsuon ah akila jela. Sum jatna leh muna mipite mai a luikhiet ahi ngei sihhi. UZO lamkai ding teel chiang in Sumlepai seng a vote hawl a, gari a ki non a, camp a kikhum ahi jing maihi. Nampi kuong tawlna ah eima thu a kivaihawmn non lou in, thuneitu sangjo a tut a amauhte thupieh bang a UZO kivaihawm ahi tahi. Tuma deu a Kum 50 val UZO a ina kipuoh pen uh Unit leh block te dong lou pi in ZTC (Zou tribe council) a heng ding thu ahing ging a hinanleh mipi tamjo te deidan ahilou jieh in heng ahi non sih.
Nampi ki khaikhawmna a vatel ahoi bang nanleh i innsung thu ahi jieh in akilawm lou na atam hi. UZO hajap nuai a branch leh unit tuom tuom umte ahi leh ZSP, ZYO, ZOU ZUMPI, ZOLAI SAIPAWL chite ahi. UZO pen nampi a ding a apex body khat ahia, nampi kikhaikhawm na hi nanleh MLA election ding tupna ahi deu hi. Tukum (2009) a UZO president a telching Pu GSHaupu leh a cabinet ten UZO a ding in program tha leh policy tha a guang ua , tuate ahi leh:
1) Zou hi ut a haam tuam a haam te lah lut ding
2) Be-le-phung a ki daidan nate suh bei ding
3) Unit leh block phietmang a umte suh hing kia ding
4) Zougaal memorial hall complex bawl thah ding chi sil tupa nei a, 1crore lut a bawl ding chi ahia a fundation stone honna jong akinei jouta a, tuletu a ki bawl saan lai tah ahia, kum 2 sung a joding chi ahi.
Simleivai (Zou Future Politics)
Ei Zou sung a , iki vaihawm nauh ni dang lai leh tulai hun et in mailam hun ding aki thei ta hi. Lamkai ten vaihawm siem tah a ,be-le-phung khentuam neilou a , ki daidan na te umtuam lou a, ki thutuah tah leh ki iittua tah a vai ahawm jing uh leh i khang tou mama ding ua , tah sa hagau ah Pasian gualjawlna ahing tung ding hi.Amabou , thutah panglou a vai ahawm uleh Zou pen a keeh sem nalai ding hi.
UZO sung a, sum-le-pai muna jat na audit bawl a budget estimate siem a mipi thei ding a luikhiet jing ding ahi. Nampi lamkai ding teel na ah sum-le-pai seng ngailou a lamkai hoi leh ginum Pasian thei mite teel ding ahi.
I innsung thu a ,sa-le-gaal neina ding hial ahi lou leh lamkai te mai a vaki heh chite bawl lou sawm ding ahi. tualeh namlamkai a hing pang tou dingte leh a pang na lai ten ,Nampi sung a nawsuo/kitopsah chite bawl lou ding ahi.
UZO pen Nampi a ding a (apex body) kaht ahi dungjui in anuai a brnch leh unit tuom tuom te toh ki thujah tuo jing a, panlah khawm ding ahi , tualeh adiah a Zou lai sai pawl te toh, siemsinna lam a khantou seem na ding a ki thujah jing a panlah khawm jing ding ahi.
Nampi neitu Pasian ahi chi thei a ,lamkai ten hattuom leh pawlpi sukha a na atoh lou ding uh ahi.Hattuam/pawlpi te toh pan khomjohding ahi. tua hi leh i khang tou seem nalai ding uhi.
Khotang (Zou Past Social Status)
Khotang hinkhuo ichi pen khosung/vengsung khat a teeng khawmte hindan leh khosah dan ate gen khawmna ahi.
Past; Nidanglai Zou pi-le-pu te hunlai in, noptah leh kithutuohtah a teeng khawm ana hi uhi.Amauleh amau ki-iit,ki-ngai, neh khawm ,dawnkhawm leh laamtang kai in hunnop tah te ana mang khawm jel uhi.Innsung khat ah upa pen gouluo ana hi a, Upan anaute a nei dan dan in inn leh lou nei le lam guon in ,innsung dongta ding te teelsah in inn an tuon jel hi. Min phuoh dan ah pu-min pi-min leh adang dang te min topna ana kila jeel hi. Inn sung dongta te ,bangkuo,thallou,zawl,sasem leh tanu te ana hi hi. tua hun lai in mou adop chieng un neita(pute tanu) ana lajel uhi.Mou dopna ah ju va tung in aki hou lem thei uleh ju-uum va tung kia in thataan man Rs.2/- ana koi jel uhi. tuajou chieng in tunsa that in bawng/voh ana gou jel ua, asapuoh maw teng tanu te lah adang dang ten ana ne khawm jel uhi. Mouvan ken in seu, kawng, tuta, heita,puondum,sabeng leh anei jou deu ten, leepi leh phawipi jong ana keng sah jel uhi.tua hunlai in mou man pen akhuo khuo , agam gam in aki bang kim thei sih a a taang pi in manlamkai tel in sial 5 ana hi jel hi.
Tuahun lai in nasep na lam ah ana sem khawm jel ua,’Lawm’ kai in na ana sem jel uhi. lawm aki suo jochieng un louma tut lou aum leh a va josah jel uhi. Pawltah chieng in khodou pawite jang in zu-le- sa ne in ana laam khawm ua, laam taang kai khawm in ki tuoh tah i ana un jel uhi. a laam chieng ua a tumging zah te uh- Gosem, khuang,dah,zaampi chite ana zang uhi. Salian min thang a mat chiant un a aih jel uhi, Samat /galmat chiing mi nan hiua, 1917-1919 sung in Zogal ana sat ua, tunitan in a ki thei nalai hi. Khosung khat a kaangnei/patau venbit na ding chiin khosung tangval te sawm/haam ah ana giah khawm jel uhi.thu ki jah sah ding le mipi ki pawlkhawm na ding a um chiang taangsam pan taang sam in aki thu mang jel uhi. Tapidaw ahi lou vang un meithai taga te alungsiat in inn sia /lousia ta ana bawl sah uhi. Lai thei lou te nan hi ua , lai a gel thaw , tawn dan(custom) hi lou a, dan ana jui thawte ahi uhi.athu gente uh namdet na ding in sasin salung ana ne khawm jel ua, tuate anamdet na uh ana hi mei hi.
Khotaang (Zou Present Social Status)
Nidang lai ipi-ipu te uh hun kai a ii khotang hinkhuo uleh tulai a khotang hinkhua uh akibang nonsih hi. tulai in upan inn ngah ding hi napi upa inn tuon aki tam tahi. Minphuoh dan ah , pi le pu te min topna aki jui saam a, hinanleh abul ah saapmin leh hebrew min aki jang ta hi. Man le mual thu ah custom kijui nonlou in chintawh bei ahi tahi. I unpi un tapidaw i suoh ta uhi. laithei leh sim thei ngen jong ihita uhi. nidang a j anajat pen uh tulai in singpi akijang ta hi. tua leh kithujah tuo naa ding in mobile ,internet ,zolengthe , daily news paper tungtawn in thu aki jathei tahi.tulai in nungah tangval kaal a thaang tat ana atam ta a, social gathering jong a tam a, ahoi na saang in a siat na lam aki thei ta hi. Ki pawlkhom na te ahi leh ZSP,ZYO, YOUTH CLUB chite ahi ta hi. Meithai /tagaaa azawng – ahau lungsiat na jong aum non sih a , ki jatat tuona a tawm ta a, tua ban ah shi ni manni a jong a tawmngai ki tan non sih hi. khotaang hinkhua in hoina lam dang in siat na lam manawh johi. Shini -manni a panpi ding , panlah ding chin ZYO 1983 in zoveng ah ana kiphut a , siem sin na lama pan lah sem na ding in ZSP 1958 in tuaiteng phai ah ana kiphut doh hi.
Khotang (Zou Future Social Status)
Tu lai hun a ai khotang hinkhua uh apei tou jel leh khatvei chieng in sodom le gomorrah bang a pasian thangpai na hing tung ding ahi. Khotang hinkhua siemhoi na ding ahi. Khotang hinkhua siemhoi na ding ah eima innsung chiet siem thah masat poimo hi. Eima innsung a hoi leh khotang hinkhua hoi sa ahi. Pasian a kibulphu tha kia poimaw hi. Khotang hinkhua hoi na ding a panlah sing khat ahi le ZSP,ZYO chite leh hattuam tuom tuom te apat a , seminar, awareness campaign chite habawl ding ahi. a thei lou ten athei te doh bawl a, kii iit tah leh ki jatat tuo tha a ipi ipu te bang a athah a panlah seem ding ahi. tua hi leh Pasian lungtuoh a , nam khang tou hing ki hi ding ahi.
Sakhuo (Zou Past Religion Status)
Nidanglai pi-le-pu te hun lai in pusa-pasa bieh te ina hi uhi. tami pusa-pasa biehba pen ana shisa i pi-ipu te uh hagau, innsung suutzung ah teeng in a mauh ten, innsung a adu le angai uh a um chieng in innsung mite khat pou pou hagau mantaang in amat taang pa/nu uh damlou in tua hun chiang in pusa/pasa kithoina leh guitam na ana nei uhi. tambang in ana guitam uhi.
Pusa-pasa na hi leh hing damsah in kasiel/bawng/vawh hing gaw vang chiin guitam na ana nei ua , adam lou pen a dam leh gan athat ua adam sih leh a that sih uhi. Tua hunlai in dawite ana mai vil zaw uhi.Damlouna anei chieng un,siempu te haan in siempu in anat dan uleh a damlou dan uh jil in ana thoijel hi. Natna leh kithoina tampi ana um a, adamlou te jil in siempu in gan in ana thoi jel hi.
Sakhuo (Zou Present Religion Status)
 |
| Pu Sienkhohau |
Laisiengthou mite ki-iit na
Ei a ding a dougal ki sia na
Lung mawl ken ka ngaisiem lou
Sun-le-jan naubang ka kana hi.
Tuamijou in Bible Society ten ang phalpiah ta ua, 1992 in Pu L.Taithul te panlah na in 2nd edition hon khiet na ana ki nei hi.
MGP a pat sa na taidoh ten ABFM nuoi ah ZCC in ana um ua 2002 in Lutheran Pawlpi Zop in MELC ana hi ta ua, tua leh MGP a umden pawl te pen 2005 in Synod amu ua, ZPCS in ana ki pawlkhawm tauhi.
Tu le tu in zong pawl a ki daidan nate uh topthei nailou in tuni tan ‘Nou’ ‘Kou’ chiin i ki kou tuoh nalai uhi. Pasian min shipi ngap ding saang in pawlpi min shipi ngap ki tam tahi. tami pen muthei hattuam leh muthei lou hattuam ithei chet lou jieh uh ahi jo hi. Hinanle akipah huai khat ahi leh pawlpi pumpi in laisiengthou khat isun khawm thei ta ua, tualeh labu zong i sun khawm thei ua tuale sept 15 2009 in MELC Hq ah Bible honkhiet na kinei in 23rd october 2009 in labu honkhiet na jong tuami mun ma ah ki nei thei ta hi, tamte jieh in Pasian min i phat uhi.
Sakhuo (Zou Future Religion Status)
Ei Zoutate sakhua lam a maban a khantouthei na ding in Eima umna chiet ah panlah poimo hi. i umna hattuam chiet a ginum tah a um a, common -literature tungton in pasian thu a panlah semding ahi. Khanglai tamjo te bible sin ding a sawl khiet ding ahi, ki thutuoh sem na ding in Sundayschool book ki sun khawm thei ta leh, ahoisem na lai ding hi. Hattuam tuom tuom hinan lei jong joint crusade seminar chite nei khom thei jel lei ahoi sem ding hi. Eima leh eima hagau hinkhua a ki toudel a mite tung a ki nga seng lou ding ahi. eima mimal kibuaipi chiet lei Pasian lam ah hagau leh thutah in i khang lien ding uHI.
Sum-le-Pai (Zou Economic Status)
Economy ichi chiang in khosung /gamsung khat a teeng khawm te a tangpi a ahindan uh leh aneh- atah suidan uh gen khawm na ahi.
Sum-le-Pai (Zou Past Economic Status)
Nidanglai pi-le-pu te pen neh-le-tah suina lam ah ama uleh amauh kitoudel in hinkhuo ana jang uhi.Bu-le-baal kiningching tah leh sil-le-teen ding kitasam lou in ,tualeh ganvul lam ah aneijo ding kitu in na ana sem jel uhi. Singtang louhou in , pat lei te bawl in sil-le-teen ding te ama un ana ki bawl khiet uhi. tua hun lai in suma van kilei thaw chite ana um sih a , apoimo tuoh tuoh te uh a van in aki hengtho uhi tam pen (barter system) ahi hi. Amauh khut in vanjah poimo ding te aki bawl khiet ua, pat lei bawl in nihten puonsil ana bawl ua, innsung vanzah dingte , gawkhe chite uumga in ana bawl uhi. Samat nading in thaang chituomtuom, piel, metangthaang ,mankhawng, saili chite ana bawl doh thei ua. Ann huan na ding in leibeel ,sabon ding in tangal leh melengtang, kuang ding in vawngsing, gichilsing chite ana jang uhi. Inn le lou kepna ding leh bawlna ding in sing le guo ana jang uhi. Damlou/hitaang a tuoh chieng un singna leh singga te ana ne jel uhi. Jupen a vitamnin uh ana hi hi. Galdou na leh sakaap na ding in zouthau /tuolthau ana bawl doh ua, thauvui ding in khongma sing, zunhiing tui in khi in a tui soukangsah tua akang kaat toh khongmahol peh suh in thauvui bawl nan na jang jel uhi.Tua le tui kaan na ding in long ,guunkuang, pum te ana jang jel uhi. Ngamat na ding in guu chi khat , abawl ua tu leh phoh chite ana jang uhi. Amauh le amauh ki toudel in sum a leitho te hi lou in a khut siem na un silbangkim aba bawl doh uhi.
Sum-le-Pai (Zou Present Economic Status)
Nidanglai ipi-ipute hunlai in amauh kimukhiet na leh kibawltawm sil te ana jang nanle uh, tulai in sum a kilei thaw iun, factory tuom tuom te bawl khiet te ijang ta uhi. summu na chituom tuom te akinei ta a , service, private a sem, company ,dukan bawl etc chi te i summuna te uh ahita hi. gam le muol inei te ua piengthei haichi, nehthei te i chiing pei non sih ua,mite kungah ijuoh juoh na lai uhi. Tami pen i economy dinmun uh sungiem te ana hi hi. I economy dinmun uh suhngiem tu khat ahileh khanglai tamjote ,nu-;le-pa lawsa a kinga itam ta ua, tuabang ah i standard u toh kituoh lou a ihin sawm pen ingiem na uh akipat na ahi dieh hi. innsung a i summu jat saang ua i jat na uh atamjo tajieh in jong i ngiem hiei hiei uhi. Tualeh tulai in singtang loubawl guoh a kinga nonlou in phaijang lou jong ibawl thei ta ua, summuna tuom tuom i nei ta uhi.
I economy uh suh ngiem dieh khat ahileh sum-le-paai a kimawl na (gambling) laithai kap leh tep-le-muom i tah sa ua ding a poimo lou te lei na a sum i jat jat pen uh ahi. Gam-le-muol kepbitdan theilou in ineisunte uh juoh in mitoh kituu in , ki case in ukil(lawyer) te sum ipieh pieh uhi, ipi-le-pute toh ikibat lou na uh pen tami ahi. amauh ten ana keem bit ua “kagam kalei” chiin hinanleh tulai eiten summet bawlnan i nei uhi.
Sum-le-Pai (Zou Future Economic Status)
1) Neh-le-tah suina lamah khantou seem na ding ahileh amasa pen in gamlemuol i nei sunte uh kepbitsawm a mite khut a ipieh ipieh lou ding uh ahi. amabou ,mite kung a i nei ilam te i juoh juoh uleh khat vei chieng in mite suoh in iumding uhi.
2) singtang loubawl a nasem ten jong summuna dang dang angaituoh ua,lou a pieng thei haichi te aching ua, tuate juoh a poimawte leiding ahi.
3) Summuna toh kituoh a, ajat dan siem ding ahi. i poimaw te et masat a , tuate lei a i deiteng pi maw lei lou dong ahi.
4)Innsung khat a summuna nei pen guoh tung a kngah sawm lou a, a neu alien in septhei thei sepsawm chiet ding ahi.
5) Sumlepaai pen mitoh kisiat na a jat lou a mitoh kilemna hi sah jaw ding ahi.
6) Summuna jong adih ding a, ajatna jong adih ding ahi.
7) Silbangkim sepna ah Siemna, pilna apoimaw dungjui a siem sinna a , panlah sem a, mite dem ding a a sangjo sepding tup ding ahi.
8)Na nei nalam in Mangpa patawi in achi mabang i inei ilam pen Pasian thupi na a jah ding ahi. Pasian lungkim sah a a thupi pen ama pieh a nei-le-lam a pahtoi jing ding ahi.
Economy dinmun ahoi lou leh , political , social Religion chite pen a zungpi bei toh akibang ahi. Tuami thei in economy ah pan latha sawm chiat vai.
Conclusion/Khupsitna;
A tawpna pen ah i zoute pen politics, social, religion leh economy a khantou seena ding a amasa pen a Pasian a kibulphu ding ahi. I innsung chiet a panlah thah a, thutah a kivai hawm tha ding ahi. A lenggam leh a dih tatna sui masa in tam te baan a ahing kipe be ding ahi ki chi theijing poimo hi.Namkhangtou hi na ding iah namneu , lungtang i nei te uh pai khiet a nampi lungtang puoh a athah a panlah ding ahi. ‘Dihtatna in nam atoisang hi’ chi thupi a nei a dihtat leh thutah a lamkai hileh mipite hitaleh kivaihawm khawm a, kithutuoh tah a pangkhawm chiet ding ahi. siemna -pilna jilte hitaleh , muntuom tuom a umte i umna leh i sepna pou a panlah thah a, guntuh tah a athah a pang kia ding ahi.
” Lunglaulou o, pupa juunsa,
Hau mabang pantai ei,i gam a din’
Hambang pan majap hielding
Pienpan seinou hanlung na chiem o”.
Pasian in Zoutate Politics, religion leh economy a khangtou seem ding in hing guoljawl tahen.
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Thu gil tampi kisim doh e👍👍
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