Patience, in Gandhi’s philosophy, was never passive endurance. It was disciplined strength. It was the ability to absorb provocation without surrendering one’s moral ground. In the long struggle against colonial rule, Gandhi understood that impatience - especially when fueled by rage - would fracture unity, justify repression, and derail the ethical legitimacy of resistance. The British Empire could be challenged not merely by force, but by moral stamina that outlasted its arrogance.
The Union Budget 2026–27 places Scheduled Tribes (STs) at the centre of India’s inclusive growth agenda by strengthening investments in education, livelihoods, entrepreneurship and tribal area development. With a total allocation of about ₹15,422 crore for the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the Budget reinforces long-term structural support through flagship interventions such as Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), expanded pre- and post-matric scholarships, the Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Vikas Mission (PMJVM) for livelihoods, and targeted entrepreneurship support, including the Venture Capital Fund for STs. Major village-level initiatives like the Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan and constitutional grants under Article 275(1) further aim to bridge infrastructure and service gaps in Scheduled Areas. Overall, Budget 2026 signals a shift from welfare-only approaches towards empowerment, capability building and sustainable economic participation of tribal communities in the national development process.
Abstract
The All Tribal Students’ Union Manipur (ATSUM) has emerged as a central socio-political actor in the multi-ethnic landscape of Manipur, advocating for tribal rights, constitutional safeguards, and protection of indigenous interests. This paper examines ATSUM’s historical evolution, major mobilisations, strategies, and consequences on tribal protection, autonomy movements, and inter-community relations in the state. Through a review of secondary sources, news reports, and existing academic insights, this study highlights ATSUM’s role both in constructive advocacy for tribal constitutional rights and in intensifying ethnic tensions during key political controversies, particularly surrounding the Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status.
Manipur today stands at a defining crossroads. The promise of popular government - a system rooted in the will of the people, inclusive representation, and accountable governance - faces its gravest test in decades. The scars left by prolonged ethnic conflict, political instability, and administrative paralysis have shaken public faith in democratic institutions. Yet, amid these challenges, the aspiration for a truly representative and people-centric government remains resilient.
The root causes of Manipur’s tri-community differences among Meiteis, Nagas, and Kukis are not ancient or inevitable, but largely shaped by historical disruptions, colonial divisions, post-independence politics, and socio-economic inequalities. A deeper inquiry shows how rigid identity classifications, unequal development between hills and valley, competition over land and political power, and long-standing perceptions of marginalisation have gradually transformed cultural diversity into political fault lines. Genuine curiosity helps move beyond blame, fostering understanding, empathy, and dialogue, which are essential for building lasting peace, justice, and harmony in Manipur.
“When brothers fight, outsiders gain.” - This reality tragically applies to Manipur.
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Abstract: This paper traces the structural causes of sustained inter-ethnic violence between Meitei (valley) and Kuki-Zo (hill) communities in Manipur from statehood (1972) through 2026. It argues that colonial-era administrative divisions, constitutional asymmetries (land and Scheduled Tribe protections), competing territorial imaginaries, long-term militarisation, and governance deficits created a layered grievance architecture that crystallised into episodic and large-scale violence. The analysis is localised through district-level examples (Imphal East/West, Bishnupur, Churachandpur, Senapati, Tamenglong, Chandel and Kangpokpi) and is accompanied by a timeline (1972–2026) of major political, legal and violent episodes. Policy implications for trust-building, legal clarity, and devolved governance are offered.
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