- Dr. S. Thangboi Zou
1. Historical Significance
Late 19th Century, adieh a India’s freedom struggle hun apat in, Tribal leh peasant uprising te khu colonialism doudalna leh kiphinna dan in nationalist historiography ah ana kigen hi. Nationalist (gam leh nam ngainate) version ah tribal te kiphinna khat phot khu India zalenna galsatnate lah ah khat (pangkha) ahi, chi’n ana gen uhi.
Kum 1960s vel apat in historian ten ‘history from below’ (auoilam apat tanchin etna) kichi ana hapeipi panta uhi. Azieh ahileh, nationalist history ana kisuutsa ten tribal/namneute tanchin leh panlahna, phattuomna, etc. te ana genkha/gentel ngaisih uhi.
India ah 1982 apat history geldan chituom deu hing pieng in, scholars khenkhat in Subaltern Studies ana pankhie uhi. Subaltern Studies in agen utpen ahileh, politics or history isuut chiang in ‘autonomous domain’ (lung sim zalentah a agammite lam apat atanchin uh suutna: local, grassroot level or indigenous narratives) kichi khat ana um a, tuakhu ‘domain of elite politics/history’ (nam lianzawte tanchin sutdan) apat zalen/tuom vilvel in ana um hi, chi hi. Amaute mudan in India zalenna gal satna tanchin pen tambang namneute tanchin apanglou leh abukim zoulou china ahi.Historian David Arnold (1999) in a paper khat “Rebellious Hillmen” chi, Eastern Ghat (Andhra Pradesh) a singtangmite kiphinna tanchin ana giel a, tuate kiphinna khu ‘sabalterns’ a simthei in um hi, aziehpen tammi namneu Gudem-Rampa ten koima toh kikoplou gamtuom (restricted territory) nei ua, pulammi phaigam a hing kipante lutding leh opkhum ding ana doudal uhi. Tuachiin Britishte opkhum ding tami nam ten zong ana dou ua, India zalenna fight/suolna ah panla kha dan a simtham ahi uhi, ana chi hi.
Zou Gal zong koima thei khahlou in hun sawtpi ana um nanleh, khangtha ten Zougal tanchin suidoh in gelkhiet um chieng in, muntuom tuom a “rebellious hillmen” te movement/struggle toh akikhietna bangma umlou in muthei ahi. Tuajieh in Zou Gal zong leitung nam tuom tuom history kisutnate ah ‘subaltern study’ khat a pang thei ahi ta hi. Azieh ahileh: Zou ten itenna gambup (territoriality) kichien ina nei ua, tuanah gam pulammi (British/colonial power) te hing lut ding leh opkhum ding ana kideilou in na kidou a, tuakhun India mainstream zalenna suolna ah contribution khat Zouten zong ana nei ahi dan tami Zou Gal in proved hi. Tu in Zou Gal kichi ei tuolsung a tangthu (legend) dan a naki genjel pen atah-tah ahi chi kam a gensawn (oral tradition) mai hilou in official/archival documents tuom tuom te apat muthei in um a, India leh Manipur itenna gamsung ah tuolsungmi (indigenous people), leh history kichien nei nam khat ihi dan hing chiensah (proved) sawn sawn hi.
Zou Gal tanchin isuina ah Galthu mai hilou in, mid-19th century lam apat tua itenna Manipur leh Northern Chin Hills gamkuom sung ah Zou te zong ana kikhuosa ta ahidan British/colonial records te apat in ana kimu sawn hi. Tuamai hilou in British ten gal bawl Zou leh Thadou namte suhmit na dia plan abawl lai un, khuo leh gam Maps kichien tah (operation area) ana giel ua, tuanah Manipur tumlam gam a Zou khote chiengtah in ana tuongsah liu-leu uhi. Tuakhu mit a muthei sources te lah ah nialguollou evidence khat ahi chi kilang hi.
Zou namte pupa gam Northern Chin Hills, Sagaing Division leh Manipur South area pen 1890s vel apat Manipur-Chin boundary kikhen zieh in eima deitelna umsih nanleh gam 2 ah khenzah in ana um hi. Hinanleh itenna gam tuoh ah, namlui leh gamneite (indigenous) ihidan pupa khanga pat ana kigensate sapkangte record ah zong ana um tahtah hi. Gentena ah, Zou gal masang apat in Chivu umna gam Tonjang khuo leh adang kho 16 val bang Carey and Tuck in Chin Hills Gazette, 1894/96 ah ana tuongsah tham ta uhi. Zou Gal (1917-19) record ten igam ileitang leh resources neunou noute hing kideigaw piehdan leh pi-pu ten gam leh lei mai hilou in, a mi-hina (dignity) leh zalenna (freedom) uh tankhah ding utlou a, humbit a sawm vevo dan uh, hing musah sem hi.
2. Political/Administrative Significance
Zou Gal beikuon 1919 apat in British-India government in Manipur singtanggam nasahtah in hing ngaisah pan ta hi. Gal masanga Manipur lengpa vaihawmna (administration) nuoi a um dan in ana koi nan uleh, lengpa’n singtanggam Hausate nuoi a kivaihomna gam a thaa aneijoulou dan hoitah in muchien uhi. Tuazieh in, Chief Commissioner of Assam (British) in Manipur singtanggam khu Maharaja vaihawmna nuoi a um veve ding ana dei a, hinanleh Manipur Political Agent (Englishman) theipina leh phalna tellou a bangma na asep theilou ding in thu puon bawl hi. Tuamai hilou in, April 19, 1919 in CSA in Viceroy kunga a alaithotna ah singtanggam a sapkangmi tehteh SDO koi ding in theisahna lai thon hi. Alungtupte lah ah gentham chingte ahileh: singtangmite muonna nua mu kia theina ding in akinlam a laisimna (education) leh damtheina lam (health/hospital) a pannasahtah a lahna ding, chite ana gentel tinten hi.
Tua dungjui in 1919 kum apat in Manipur singtanggam ah Sub-Division thum ana bawl uhi: 1. Churachandpur Sub-Division – B.C. Gasper as SDO; 2. Tamenglong Sub-Division – William Shaw, SDO, leh 3. Ukhrul Sub-Division, L.L Peters, SDO.
Thei tuoh khat ahileh, Zou Gal masang in koima hing vaihawmna nuoi a umlou phial, ei leh ei Hausa tungtawn a kivaihawm nam te ana kihi nanleh, gal zaw apat in vaihawmna kichien (British nuoi a), leh kivaipuohna gam (nation-state administrative territory) kichien sung ah ana ki um panta hi. Administrative identity hing pieng theita china ahi. J. Scott (2009) in ana genbang in, eimite pen ‘anarchy’, ‘stateless’ society apat ‘state-based society or identity’ kichien hing kinei thei pan hi. Eite a dingin State-based political history a ina lut patna uh ana hi ahi. Tuachin, citizenship rights and provision ichite zong hing ki tang (enjoy) tou ta hi. Tuazieh in atom lam a gen in, Zou Gal in eite political identity kichien hing pie a, democratic India nuoi ah hing na puilut hi, chi thei ahi. Sapkangte delkhietna dia gal ibawl uleh delkhiet malah in British Empire sungah ana kilut (integrate) law hi.
3. Cultural and Economic Significance
Western education ina zil pat theina uh isui leh nasatah in Zou Gal zou in hing haat dieh in muthei ahi. American Baptist Mission ten Ukhrul ah 1896 in mission school ana panta bou uhi. Tualeh Welsh Presbyterian missionary te 1910 in Senvon (South-District Manipur) ah hing tung uhi. 1919 kum in Baptist ten a headquarters uh Kangpokpi ah ana tuon suh kia ua, Mission School zong an hong ngal uhi. 1924 kum apat in NEIGM ten Old Churachand khuo ah Pasian nasepna leh mission school ana pan uhi. Eigam a western education ina zil na masapen uh hiding in gintat huoi hi.
Zoute zong apumpi hisih nanleh, I history te uh isut chieng in, NEIGM ah ana ki umkha a, mimasate khenkhat in zong laisimna lam ah ana phat tuompi ding uh gintat um hi. Kum 1920s lai in atuom mawng in Mizo missionary Pu Hrangchhuaka leh Pu Dawnthuama te gunpang Zou area ah Pasian na ana sem ua, western religion (gospel) ana tangkou in, mi khenkhat Christian sakhuo ah ana lut uhi. Khanglui Sakhuo (animistic) biehna apat Christianity ihing hi utoh kizawh in western education ngaisahna zong ana pung hi. Tuazieh in Zou Gal in bangchia ina thei khahlou, ina mukhahlou uh sapkangmite culture/tawndan, laisimna leh laimal (education & script)te toh hing kimaituo sah ahi, chi igen ngam hi.
Zou Gal beikuon in British solkar in bangchi azong ana ngaisah khahlou lampi kikomtuonate (road communication) hing pan khie hi. Gal beikuon April 1919 vel apat in, Teddim Road bawl ana kipan ua, eimite lampi nasem in hing na kilaw sah ua, sum leh pai lawkhietna hoitah (source of income) khat zong ana hi kha hi. Lamka khopi ichi khu tuahunlai in ana um nai sih a, Subdivision headquarter ahileh Songpi khuo ah na um hi. Lamka khopi ahileh British record (map) ah ‘Khuga Valley’ (Khuga phaizang) chiin ana kigiel hi. Hinanleh, Zou Gal zou in solkar in kikomtuona hoi apoimawdan hing phawh tha in, Imphal apat Tedim road (tuahunlai a Bridle road) hing zoptou in, Khuga valley lailungtah ah hing hung tou ua, Zoute tenna gamsung hing tuonsah in Manipur-Burma-Mizoram border tan tungsah uhi. Tuami lampi khu Galpi Nina (1940s) hun in British ten gari-taitheina lampi in puotha kia in Tedim (Chin Hills) toh zop uhi.
Tualeh lampi leh gam kikomtuonate ang hoi tah man in, 1920s zou a pat in Hiangtam Lamka, Zenhang Lamka khuote ana kisaat panta a, awl awl in hing piching in headquarter nasan zong hing kituonsuh hi. Hiangtam Lamka kichi khu: lam-kaa thum kikhen genna ahi: Suohlam ah Sugunu zotna lampi, Simlam ah Hiangtam khuo zotna lampi/Teddim road extension (Hiangtam pen Zou Gal lai apat solkar chiemte khokhat ana hi ahi), tumlam ah Songpi leh Tipaimukh zotna lampi ahi. Zou Gal ana umlou hileh tua hun in Manipur (Maharaja) government, Britishte ngaisah bangin, South district ana poimaw ngai diei? Chi dot tham ching hi.
Tualeh cultural lam et in, colonial Zou Gal records leh tukhang 2017 Behieng a galhangte muolsung kidaw liu-leute i-et chieng in, message poimaw mama khat hing pie hi: tua hunlai in Zou namte kipumkhatna (unity) aletdan/nasatdan hing musah a, tulai eite dan in be-le-phung, ham leh pau (dialect: Haidawi, Khuongnung, Thangkhal etc.) chite in ana kikhenlou/kituomhuilou ahidan uh kimuchien (proved) hi. Tu khang ten I etton ding ua deihuoi mama silkhat hiding hi.
4. Brief Academic Progess
Minam history (ethnography) ichi pen eima thei mai a hun hilou hi. Miten zong ang theipi poimaw hi. Tuazieh in Zou Gal Centenary lopna na ding in UZO-India makaina toh Zou Gal tanchin laibu (ISBN nei) ana kibawl khie a, tunitan in mitampi in a copy nei in, muntuom-tuom a college leh university library te ah zong kikoi ta hi. Tami laibu pen local publication ahi ziah in munsaaupi, adieh in academic circle, tung zou senglou hi. Hinanleh 2018 kum in Anglo-Kuki War Vol-I laibu Routledge publication (UK Based) nuoi ah nakisun pen ah Zou Gal history chapter khat Dr. David Zou in ana giel a; tualeh tukum 2021 in Anglo-Kuki War Vol-II (Routledge published UK based) ah Zou Gal, military history/tanchin akimzaw sem in Dr. S. Thangboi in chapter khat ah ana giel kia hi. Tami’n a etsah ahileh, ‘Zou Gal’ leh ‘Zou’ thumalte (keywords) leh atanchin (history) khu international academic circle ah scholars te muphah in koitou/khangtou hita china ahi. Alungdam huoi kia khat ahileh, tukum apat Delhi University a MA (History) syllabus ah Anglo-Kuki War Vol-I pen suggested book/reading in pang a, tua laibu sung ah ‘tribal land issue in NE-India’ study nading in Dr David Zou chapter pen kawhmu (suggested) in um hi.
Maban ah Zou Gal history zong Manipur board leh university syllabus-te ah telsah in um in sangnaupangte simthei ding umthei leh chi duthusam ah um mama e!!
5. Zou Gal Memorials
Zogal Jr. High School Tuining ah 1972in na kiphut a, tuajou in Behiang village ah ana kituontou in tuanah October 1, 1980 in solkar Grant-in-Aid school hina ana nga hi. Zou Gal Memorial Shield kum 19 October 1976 in naki pan hi. Ahunzil in Zou Gal shield kimawlna ki sunzom zing hi.
Zogal Hall ahileh 1978 in solkar panpina sum tel in ana kibawl a, kum 2010 in amun (Zoveng) mama ah alienzaw leh kiching zaw in naki lamtha kia hi.
December 2017, in Behiang khuo ah Zou Gal Memorial Cemetery Complex kihong khie a, Biren Singh, Hon’ble CM of Manipur Zinlian in ana pang hi. Kum 2020 in Lunmual Khuo ah Zou Gal Centenary Ground honkhietna ana ki bawl hi.
(A seminar paper delivered by Dr. S. Thangboi Zou on the ocassion of Zou Gal Day 2021 observation held on the 17th March, 2021 at ZSP Library Hall, Zou Gal Memorial Complex, Zoveng, Churachandpur)
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