Ni 200 chingta, kum khat (ni 365) chingna ding ni 165 maimai vatta, naungeh hileh a iplahuai, a ithuoi laitah hiding. A ni phaja a et in hun sawtpi bangta nanleh tribal mite lungthahna uili chia zong kiamnailou in um. I pu i pate hunlai in mishi-ai kal khat bang anakoi jel uh, hinanleh mishiluong ni 200 kikoi kichi Zo khangthu ah kitheikha nailou a, um zong ana umkha lou dingin gingtathuai. Tribalte lungthahna pen August 31, 2015 ni'a thakhat thu a hing kipan bang nanleh, i et vengveng chiengin a kipatna pen sawtpi hita ahidan muthei in umhi.
Tribal mipi a lakh a simte thataang a kamka ding, lamkai ding, bitna ding a vaihawm ding leh thusung dinga telching a um, India Constitution Article 371C in special provision anapia HAC (tribal MLA) te'n akilepsan zieh in lungthahna a lesawm a kuongja ahidan zong muthei in um.
I. BILL THUMTE LEH EIMITE
1. Anti Tribal Bill thum: Meitei Social scientist khenkhat tungtawn a ngaidan hing pieng, mipi husa ging vapuom dangjoulou a Manipur solkal in August 31, 2015 ni’a ana passed - The Manipur Land Revenue and Land Reforms (Seventh Amendment) Bill 2015; The Protection of Manipur People’s Bill, 2015 leh The Manipur Shops and Establishment (2nd Amendment) Bill 2015 te ban ah tribal MLAte'n a mipite uh kaana aw kitheimaw bawl a phasahna pia a apang uh lungkimlouna zieh a ana kiphut "Joint Action Committee Against the Three Anti Tribal Bills" in March 18, 2016 chiengin Ni 200 chinna leh Tribal Maytyrs 9te jatatna in Manipur Hill District tengah Total Shutdown puong ua, United Naga Council in zong nungthuopna in Nagate tenna munteng ah bandh ana koi uhi. State govt in lah JAC Charter of Demand bang a nasep tumlou ahidan kilang. A langkhat ah, Joint Committee on Inner Line Permit System te'n lah Bill Thumte nungthuopna in campaign chi tuomtuom bawl zing. Tam bang silpieng toh kisai i ngaisut vengveng chiengin Manipur mipite leh solkal ban ah hills leh valley mipite kikal ah ki daidanna lienpi um ahidan kilang deudeu bang hi. Manipur maban pen lemna-le-muonna sangin buoina leh kitheisiemlouna, kimuongmawna uang semsem ding ahi chipen chiengkuong mama hi.
2. Adihlou Silkhat, Heisung ekhat a um: Tami buoina leh gam khat a tengkhawm mipite ki gamlat semna pen Bill thumte mai hilou in, silkhat, heisung e khat adihlouna, siemtuplou leh bawl tuplou a um khat um hi zaw dingin gingtat huai hi. Nam leh nam kal a kiginmawna, solkal a palai I sawlte (MP/MLA/MDC) leh sawltu mipite ban ah nam khat-le-khat kal a kitheisiemlouna pen lian mama tahi. Round table a genmai thei ahi chipen michin in i thei chiet, hinanleh round table hi in, roundlou table ah toukhawm nanlei tam thu pen genmai a um thei dingin gingtat hahsa hi, azieh ahileh a koi akoi, mipi palaite hi’n JACte makaite hitaleh inch khat zong nuotollou ding panmun khaw uh bang ahi chieng ua! JAC against Anti Tribal Bills hi in JCILPS hitaleh tu dinmun et in a sil demand uah uili chia zong kinuotawl ding koima um lou ua, a kal ah Manipur solkal vaihawmte zong bangpen bawl a, bang pen bawllou ding chi amau thuneina toh kam ke ngam lou uh ahidan chieng hi. Tam bang dinmun a ding akihiman in, maban a bang chi ding, bang bawl ding chi gen hamsapi khat suo dohta hi.
3. Tribal Unity: Kiphinna kipat tunglai in tribal unity hu (wave) in a japkhana lamlam kipuo vazung a, Manipur genta lou India pumpi a hu in a muutkhana lam lam mipi lungtang muut nem jou in I na um uhi. Hinanleh ani, a hun a hing sawt deudeu, vision tasapna leh I tribal lungsim un dawljou nawnlou a tadiei, i kichimatna uh a vui in lengmang hiaihiai bang hi. Kithutuo in hoita'n vaihawm khawm thei dialdial hitalei, bang chituh in Manipur economic activities hi in, development works hitaleh administration tanpha i khut sung uah i tawi ta di uai! Tua chithei ding dinmun a ding i hilam kitheilou i ta di uai mah, khat-le-khat kikhentuo, khat-le-khat kimuda, khat-le-khat kidaidanna ngen in i dimmawh uhi. Mite kimawlna leh sagubaw neu khat a’ng kiselut leh akitu, a lien tangzaw ding buoi in i buoi vapuol thei giap uhi. Tribal Unity kum khat zong itu dettheilou uh zong sil khat, heisung ekhat a dihlouna um hiding hi. Tuapen bang chi thoidam ding chi lamkai lungpikuote'n analyse abawl uh poimaw mama hi.
II. TRIBALTE KIPHINNA THAKHAT THU A PIENG HILOU HI VE AW
Manipur Governor hi in, Central Govt kunga memorundam kiseplut khat khat i etka leh, Manipur a singtangmite kiphinna pen hun sawtpi apat ana kikholkhawm, August 31, 2015 ni'a phuzui sa hing kuongkhia hizaw ding in gingtathuai hi. Tam kiphinna hing piengna dinga achi anakitu, hing khanglien a, hing kuongja khen khatte:
1. Singtanggam Dugawlna: Manipur state in kum 1960 in Land Revenue and Land Reform Act of Assam ana zang pan a, tua hunlai in tam Act nuoi ah tribalte opkhum singtanggam khat zong ana telkha lou hi. Tam singtang gamte ah Manipur solkal in khatvei mai hilou, tam veipi Manipur Land Revenue and Land Reform Act (MLR&LRA) ana koi sawm zing ua, a tawp khong in (Govt order No 3//12/82 – LRC Annexure – A) tungtawn in tribalte gam hunkhop tunga zah dingin thutanna ana bawl uhi.
2. Ham-le-pau puogin kigotna: Britishte hun masangin tribalte lah a modern education ana um nailou, Britishte hing lut apat in English ana kizil a, English toh ana kikhanglien hi. Hinanleh Manipur government in saanginn tungtawn in meitei ham-le-pau a teitei dingin ana bawl sawm zing uhi. All India Civil Services Competitive Examination ah Major Indian Language (Manipuri) pen compulsory Paper I hiding, Manipur apat candidate teng tribalte tel a kum 1998 apat zah hiding chi thutanna an um ngei hi. Tuathamlou in Elementary School Leaving Certificate Examination, Class VIII level tan a Manipuri subject compulsory hiding chi order ana umkhata hi. (Vide Govt order No of 16th Jan 1999). Tam bang gamtatna pen khovel pumpi a pomtheiguollou khat a namchin in a koi silte ahiban ah nam lienkhat in nam neute tunga nomvalna di’a nasep-siltup ahiman in pomthei guol hilou hi.
3. Tribalte kal a buoina leh state solkal: Manipur sunga teeng tribalte en vengveng lei, a tamdeu, a kimuongngam deu i chite kal ah kitheisiemlouna leh kituoldelna ana pieng tamta mama hi. Tribal i chi khu tribal himai! Sense of unity tamlou, thuzaw nop, maingallou chi'a laisiemte'n amu dungjui un Manipur tribalte kilaisiemsah tawh in, kipilsah tawh leizong, i pienpi-sanggam toh kituolouna dinga apulang a nasep-silbawlte kitheisiem theilou hi. Tuaban ah, hunpeisa siltungte et in, Manipur government in tribalte kal a buoina tungte ngaikhawlou hileh kilawm chithei khop in um hi. Kum 1994 in Meitei leh Muslim kikal ah communal tension ana pienga, State solkal in ahuntah a del ahiman in Ni 7 sungin buoina suveng thei hiau hi. Hinanleh singtangmite kal a buoina en vawi le. (Thadou)Kuki-Naga buoina kum bangja a chingtai? Paite-Thadou buoina ni bangja a lut ei? Thadou - Hmar buoina ni bangja a ching ei? Solkal in ngaisah hitaleh tahaw pi kalkhat zong chinglou a asuh vengthei sil ngen ahi.
4. Service quota leh Promotion Rules: Laigiel khenkhat in agendan un Manipur pen Re-organisation of North east India Act, 1971 dungjui a kum 1971 a full fledge state hiding hinajenpi, tribalte'n ki vaihawmna tuom ana phut zieh un kum khat jekai a, 1972 in state piching ana mupan chi uhi. Kum 1972 in Manipur leengpa leh tribal lamkaite'n athu in kilemna tambang in ananei uh kichi hi. “Manipur bitna dingin nasepna umteng ah tribal mi sethum suo se khat ahi zing ding”. Hinanleh tampen tunitan in jui-le-zah in umlou hi. Manipur Legislative Assembly in December 12, 1976 ni'n 'Manipur Reservation of Vacancies in Posts & Services (for SC and ST) 1976' ana pass a, Governor in February 21, 1977 in phasahpina anabawl nanleh a Act sunga dan-le-thupia (rules) a umlou ziehin zah in ana umlou hi. Kum 15 vingveng peinuo in, tam Act toh kisai Commissioner of Tribal Welfare Department in December 10, 1990 ni'n Gazette No. 474 (B) dungjui in zah di'n order anasuo nanleh Chief Secretary in February 2, 1991 ni'n Gazette No. 618 dungjui in zahlou di'n order suo a, tuamai hilou in February 5, 1991 ni'n Gazette No. 639 dungjui in a thuop in order bawlkhum hi. Tam thu toh kisai a hilchetna solkal in abawlna ah 'a hi ding banga alampi ajuilou zieh ua cancel ahi' anachi hi.
Kum 15 ma peikia in, ATSUM in tanlou kei a phutzing ahiman in Manipur Legislative Assembly in September 15, 2006 ni'n a bill introduce bawl kia a, September 18, 2006 ni'n pass in umkia hi. Tam bill Assembly in a pass masang in tribal MLA 20te thuneina "Manipur Hill Areas Committee (HAC)" kungah etkai ding, suhdih ding, ngaidan leh comment pieh dingin tungtou a, tribal MLA 20te'n a kipia bangbang, comment khat zong bawllou in anapom hiau uhi. ATSUM in tam bill pen Governor in phasahna ana bawl leh hoilou ding ahi chi in governor kungah Assembly a nuo-thot kia dingin ngetna anabawl ua, tuadungjui in nuo-thot in ana um hi. Tam bill khu governor in ana pomdet hitaleh tribalte'n aphattuompi malah-salah ah avangsietpi ding ana hilaizang hi. A poimaw mama, tam bill dankal a nasem a umleh atung a action la ahiding chite umlou, SC/ST reservation percentage bang ja hi a, bang chi bikhiet ding chite chiengtah a kigelna ana umlou. Tam bill ah PWD, IFCD, Power, PHED, V&AH, Agriculture leh department dangah tribal nasemte Class II officer apat Class I officer kaisangtheina, technical Section Officers (class III) apat class I a kaisangtheina a umlou toh kibang in anakoi ua, Section khat ah “there will be no 'reservation' (for tribals) in appointments made on 'contract' basis” chi ana kigial nalai hi.
Tam hun a HAC member teng suidoh a, a inn-a lou uh tua khawnung haltum sah uthuai zawzen hi. Department teng en velvel talei, employee 10,000 val umna departmentte ah zong tribal employee 2500 phajou um dingin gingtat huailou hi, a zieh ahileh Tribal Welfare Department office lut kha ngeite'n na theitham ding uhi. Tribal employee sanga general category staff tam zaw!! Tunitan in ATSUM in buoipi zing nalai hi.
5. Developmen Fund: Imphal Free Press, Tuesday the 4th August, 1998 (Vol I, XXVIII) a Comptroller & Auditor General of India in published anabawl, tribalte khantouna di’a sum-le-pai hing tungte heimang a umjel ahidan tambang in report ana um. “Regarding the implementation of various tribal development schemes, the Comptroller & Auditor General of India found that a total of Rs 1.40 crores meant for implementation of agriculture programmes were irregularly paid in the period 1996-97 as grant-in-aids to the Manipur Tribal Development Corporation which spent the funds for payment of staff salary. “Though the schemes were to cover only the five hill districts, a sum of Rs 52.12 lakhs were found to have been irregularly spent in the period 1992-96 for the people living in the valley district of Imphal”. “A sum of Rs 23.42 lakhs, out of funds sanctioned under the Development of Primitive Tribes scheme, as well as Rs 4.95 lakhs under educational scheme and Rs 1.28 crores meant for construction of dispensaries and PHCs under Medical and Public Health schemes were found to be diverted for the purpose other than that for which they were sanctioned." “GCI sheets valued at Rs 3.68 lakhs procured under housing schemes during 1992-94 were to be found missing”.
Tam atung a kigen thudih in bang a ensah ei ichi leh, Manipur tribalte khantouna di'a sum-le-pai hingtungte heimang a um, zahna ding lou bangtah a zah a umzing ahidan chiengtah in talang hi. Tu in tuabang umnawnsihva chingam ahuai na diai le?
6. Siamsinna leh hamphatna: Manipur ah University 2 um - Manipur University leh Central Agriculture University, tuaban ah Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Polytechnic leh adangdang. Singtanggam a munlien pipi awng najenpi, tam university leh college poimaw tengteng Imphal leh a kimvel ah mun awnglou sasa in kikoi. Admission toh kisai alah, minimum mark leh seat reservation um hinajenpi, zah a umta mawngmawng lou, amin meimei a um.
7. National Games 1999: Manipur in Vth National Games zintun, hill district teng a umlou bang mai. Stadium leh game village teng lah i gensa mabang a Imphal leh akimvel a singtawng siata kisedim jel. Valley teng maimai Manipur hileh kilawm khop a hill district teng nelsia a um ahidan tamnah mitmu in kilang siatsuat hi.
8. AIR leh Doorsarshan: A-ngai leh a-en tribe 29 ban ah Meitei nampi, hinanleh a vaiguon tengteng a tamzaw Meitei vaiguon (monopolization). Ni khat a naikal 24 um sunga vaiguon singtangmi tribe lien deute minute 5 vel hun kipia, adang teng Meitei vaiguon ahiman in tribalte'n lungtang natna toh hun sawtpi ana ki en gilgel zing anahita.
III. MANIPUR LENGGAM BEINA LEH SINGTANGGAM
1. Manipur Leeng Gam: Manipur Merger Agreement toh kisai article ka simsim leh Maharaja of Manipur, Phamsa Pu Bodh Chandra Singh mipil ahidan leh agreement a suoi kaidi’a nawthom a um ahidan ka mu chieng deudeu hi. India government in Shillong a Merger Agreement suoi kai dinga ni 4 sung (18-21 Sept 1949) anakhum chimit dan uleh amapa'n a suoi anakai ut vevaw loudante ka ngaisut leh tulai a i singtangmi MLAte utoh kikhia kasa vatun hi. Manipur leengpa'n ama security guard kinei hinanleh tua hun sungin India solkal in VIP status chi min zang in sepai hontang ana guard sah sawn ua, house arrest dan in anakhum uhi. Tam agreement ahileh Indian Constitution pomkipni (26 January 1950) masang ngei a zawsieng ding chi tupna toh nawthop a ana um ahi. Giih theina chinteng toh ana giih nuo un, Manipur leengpa'n lemsahpina suoi ana kai hi. I gen utpen tah ahileh leengpa panlahna hisihnanleh gamsung lamkai khat dingin ana chingkam (mature) mama chi gen utna toh themkhat ka’ng genkha ahi. India independent mu kum 2 jou, September 21, 1949 ni'n Shillong ah Manipur leengpa leh Shri VP Menon, adviser to the Government of India, Ministry of States te'n Manipur Merger Agreement suoi ana kai uhi.
Tu hun a Manipur gam letdan 22,327 sq.km a chiemte ahi. Geniune source vang hilou, hinanleh Singtanggam hausate Meitei Leengpa nuoi a ana umkhalou ahiman in, tua hunlai a Meitei Leengpa vaihawmna gam letdan phaijang gamteng hiva china toh suongtuona them khat aw le! Tua hunlai leh September 21, 1949 tan a Manipur Leengpa thuneina ana um singtanggam teng hilou ahiman in valley area 700 sq miles (26,500 paris/hectares or 1126.54 sq.km.) alien ana hiding in gingtat huai hi. Tua dungjui a tuot ding hitaleh 21,200.46 sq.km (22,327 - 1126.54) telkha lou ahiman in tuateng Manipur ana hi khalou (outer Manipur) china himai lou ding amah? (no definite source, but only assumption for this para)
2. Tribal Gam: September 21, 1949 nitan in singtanggam hausate Meitei leengpa vaihawmna nuai a ana um khalou ahi chi i laigelna tampite uah genkha in a umzing hi, hinanleh Churachandpur bang Meitei leengpa minlou a kiphuo ana hi, Senapati bang Meitei leengte min ma ana hijel. Britishte hing lut masang peh apat in singtanggam ah Hausa ana um a, Hausa vaihawmna nuai a ana um zing ahi man in Manipur leengpa'n ana thuneikhumlou leh India toh kithukimna suoi akaina zong ana telkhalou ahiman in Singtanggam teng atuom bilbel ahi chitheina chieng zong um hi. A langkhat ah, Manipur leengpa’n singtanggam teng ama gam dan a koi a suoi ana pia e chi ngaidan pieng jelhi. Written in etton ding umchetsih mananleh Manipur leengpa toh Agreement suoi kai dingin tribal chief khat zong chiel in ana um kha lou ua, tribal chieftte phasahna Manipur Leengpa'n zong ana tawi tuonlou ahiman in, tribal area teng pen phasahna umlou a Manipur chia kiminvaw dan in i um doh uhi.
THUKHUPSITNA
Tribalte kiphinna ahileh thakhat thu a hing piengkhia ahilou dan i mu ta ua, Britishte hunlai apat a nakipan, India solkal in hing nelsia, Manipur solkal in a hing nelsia kia ban ah dugawlna lienpi toh hingna vaihawm khum zing uh ahidan i muta uhi. Tuabang a vaihawm khum leh nelsia a i umlai un zong tribal kichi Zosuon (Zomi/Kuki) tawmnou khatte kal ah sagubaw hing seplut zing uhi. Tua sagubaw kitu in sanggam melma in ikibawl ua, pankhawm sangin kithangsietna leh kiginmawna ngen in i dim uhi. A langkhat lam ah Nagate toh pangkhawm a state solkal nasep hoiloute doudal ding himananlei, i tenna gam-le-muol tunga thunei ding deina toh kituo theilou in ki umjel hi. Tambang i dinmun uh janggam a teng mite'n theihoi mama ahiman un, advantage lahna in zang jel ua, lawching thei mama uh ahiman in, a policy uleh programte uh ei manna ding hinanleh kipangkhawm theilou ahiman in lawching jel hi. Pankhawm dan i theilou laisia uh atung a kigen point teng ut-le-da a i phutou burbur nalai ding uh china ahimei hi.
Written by Pupu Zou (zoulun77@gmail.com)
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